Cambodia and Thailand have embarked on a United Nations-supported conciliation process aimed at resolving a protracted maritime boundary conflict in the Gulf of Thailand. The initial meeting took place under the auspices of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), with foreign ministers from both nations delivering opening remarks. Cambodia is advocating for the establishment of a definitive maritime boundary with Thailand or, alternatively, a joint development agreement that would allow both countries to share the resources within the contested area.

Thailand, on the other hand, has emphasized that the discussions should center solely on maritime boundary delimitation, affirming its commitment to engage in the process with sincerity. Previously, Bangkok had suggested that the dispute could be settled through direct negotiations between the two nations. The area in question, spanning approximately 26,000 square kilometers, has been a subject of contention for over 25 years. It is believed to hold substantial reserves of natural gas and oil, adding economic significance to the dispute.

Back in 2001, an agreement was reached to establish a framework for the joint development of the resources in the disputed waters. However, this arrangement came to an end in May when Thailand withdrew following heightened tensions that were exacerbated by lethal border clashes between the two countries. In response to these developments, Cambodia initiated the compulsory UNCLOS conciliation process in June to seek a resolution.

As part of the UNCLOS process, an independent panel has been convened to oversee the proceedings. While the panel can provide recommendations, it is important to note that their conclusions are not legally binding for either party involved. The outcome of this conciliation process could potentially pave the way for a peaceful resolution to a dispute that has persisted for decades, with significant economic implications for both Cambodia and Thailand.